Name |
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AISLE- |
A post, supporting the roof, sited within the containing walls of the building, the aisle lying between the post and the outer wall. |
AISLE- |
A roof- |
ARCADE- |
A longitudinal timber resting on aisle- |
ARCH- |
A curved timber joining the vertical and horizontal members of a truss, e.g. wall- |
ASHLAR |
Masonry wrought to a smooth face with square edges. |
ASHLARING |
A vertical panel between the wall top and the sloping roof on the inside of a building, somewhat similar to a cornice in classical architecture. |
ASTYLAR |
Without columns (usually applied to a building in the classical style). |
BASE- |
A cruck terminating at the collar. |
BLADE |
The main sloping member of a through- |
BOLECTION MOULDING |
A bold moulding raised above the general plane of the framework of door- |
BOSS |
A square or round projecting ornament, often covering the intersections of vault, ceiling or roof. |
BUTT- |
See Tenon- |
BYRE- |
House and byre in the same range without a structural division between them. In Wales hypothesised from excavated sites, but seemingly still surviving in western Scotland and western Ireland. Some Welsh long- |
CHAMFER |
A bevelled edge, either plain or variously moulded. |
COLLAR |
Horizontal member joining the sloping members of a roof well above wallplate level. |
COLLAR- |
A longitudinal roof member running under the collars and usually carried on crown posts. The collar- |
COLLAR- |
A roof in which each pair of rafters is joined by a collar and is self- |
CONTAINING WALL |
The outside walls of a building in contrast to the partition walls sub- |
CORBEL |
A projection from a wall designed to carry floor- |
CORINTHIAN |
An order of classical architecture characterised by a capital carved in the form of flowering acanthus leaves. |
CROSS- |
The space between the opposed doorways at the end of most medieval halls and many sub- |
CROWN- |
A post between the tie and the collar carrying the collar- |
CRUCKS |
Pairs of large timbers inclined from the ground or from near ground level towards the apex and carrying the roof by means of a ridge- |
CUSPING |
The projecting points between small arcs in a timber frame, doorway or traceried window; also used to describe the whole decorative effect. |
CYCLOPEAN DOORWAY |
Doorway where the head and jambs are made of large riven slabs set on edge. |
Name |
|
DAIS- |
A cove overhanging the dais. |
DAIS- |
The end of a hall where the head of the household and his family customarily sat, the opposite end from the entrance. |
DENDROCHRONOLOGY |
The technique of dating timber by the study of tree rings. |
DOG- |
A stair in parallel flights but opposed directions from common landings, the standard stair in the middle- |
DOUBLE- |
A house two rooms wide throughout its length, generally arranged in two blocks divided by a central spine wall which carries the valley between two parallel roofs. A common plan after ca 1700. |
DRAGON- |
A diagonal beam to support the corner of a jettied floor. |
FIELD |
A thin timber board framed in wainscotting. |
GABLE |
The vertical termination of a roof. See also pine- |
GAVELKIND |
The division of an estate equally between the heirs - |
GOLDEN SECTION |
A rectangle of ideal proportions having one side the length of the diagonal of the square of the return. |
GUILLOCHE |
An ornament used in classical architecture formed by two intertwining bands in regular curves. |
HALL HOUSE |
A house where the main room occupies the full height of the building, with- |
HAMMER- |
A roof- |
HIPPED ROOF |
A pitched roof with sloping ends (as opposed to vertical gables). |
HOUSE- |
A farmstead in which the house, byre, and other farm buildings are in the same range. Includes byre- |
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Name |
|
JETTY |
The overhang of an upper floor (usually applied only to timber construction) |
JOINTED CRUCK JOISTS |
A composite cruck made up of two or sometimes three pieces of timber mortised together. |
JOISTS |
The timbers supporting the floor- |
KING- |
A vertical post carrying the ridge- |
LAITHE- |
House, byre, and barn in the same range, the barn and byre constituting a single unit or `laithe'. Common in the north of England, sometimes found in Wales. |
LATERAL WALL |
The long wall in a rectangular building in contrast with the short end wall. |
LONG- |
A house and byre combined in the same range in such a way that there is direct internal access between hall and byre. |
LOUVRE |
An aperture in the roof for the escape of smoke from an open hearth. |
LOUVRE- |
A small truss mounted on the purlins framing a louvre opening. |
MANSARD ROOF |
A roof formed with two pitches on each side, the lower steeper than the upper, designed to provide maximum space in the roof. |
MASS WALL |
A wall of earth, stone, or bricks in contrast with a framed wall of timber. |
MORTISE |
A slot cut in one piece of timber to receive a projecting tenon formed from another piece of timber to be attached to it. |
MASS WALL |
A wall of earth, stone, or bricks in contrast with a framed wall of timber. |
MORTISE |
A slot cut in one piece of timber to receive a projecting tenon formed from another piece of timber to be attached to it. |
MULLION |
A vertical post dividing a window. |
Name |
|
OGEE |
An S - |
OUTSHUT |
A lateral projection of the same build as the main body of the house and under a continuation downwards of the main roof. |
OVOLU |
Strictly egg- |
PANTILE |
An S- |
PASSAGE |
See cross passage. |
PEDIMENT |
The vertical termination of the roof of a classical building, usually of a lower pitch than a gable, but functionally the same. Used also as an ornament over doorways and windows. |
PENTAN |
The fire back. |
PENDANT |
A hanging ornament. |
PEN- |
The `lower end', the outer room at the passage end (in northern English the `down- |
PERPENDICULAR STYLE |
The last phase of Gothic architecture in England and Wales, emerged about 1350 and was gradually superseded by classical architecture in the seventeenth century. The hall- |
PILASTER |
A shallow pier of rectangular section attached to the wall. |
PINE- |
The gable- |
PORTICO |
A porch in the classical style, supported on columns and often extending the length of one or more sides. |
POST- |
A partition made up of thick vertical posts into which thinner vertical panels are slotted. Not to be confused with the outwardly similar and usually later `in- |
PRINCIPAL |
Short for principal rafter, the main sloping member of a butt- |
PURLIN |
A longitudinal roof member supporting the rafters of a bayed roof. |
Name |
|
SCARFED- |
A cruck made up of two pieces of timber in which the sloping member is scarfed onto the vertical member. |
SCREENS PASSAGE |
A cross passage flanked by a partition or screens between the passage and the hall. |
SIDE- |
A horizontal longitudinal roof member placed under the sloping rafters, in contrast with a collar- |
SILL |
The lowest horizontal member of a window, timber- |
SLIP- |
A short connector inserted between two opposed mortises. |
SOLAR |
A retiring room in a medieval house. |
SOLE- |
A short horizontal member placed on the wall top beneath a roof truss. |
SPANDREL |
The space at each side of an arch. |
SPERE- |
An aisle- |
SPUR |
A horizontal tie, lap- |
STRING (1) |
1: A horizontal band or projection from the face of a wall. |
STRING (2) |
2 A sloping bearer carrying the treads of a stair. |
STUD |
A light vertical member of a wall or partition (in contrast to a main upright member or post). |
SUB- |
Post- |
SUNK- |
A chamfer in which the main face is recessed (sometimes called a reserved chamfer). |
TENON |
A projecting piece of timber designed to fit into a mortise. |
TENON or BUTT- |
A purlin tenoned into the principal so that the upper surface of the purlin lies below the upper surface of the principal which also acts as a rafter. |
THROUGH- |
A purlin which lies on the back of the blade, its upper face either flush with the upper side of the blade or projecting above it. The blade does not act as a rafter. |
TIE- |
A beam at the level of the wall top joining the principals or blades, resisting their outward thrust. |
TRANSHUMANCE |
The practice of moving one's abode into the mountain pastures during the summer months along with the flocks and herds. |
TRUSS |
A framework supporting a roof. |
UPPER CRUCK |
A cruck truss springing from the level of the ceiling beams. |
WAINSCOTTING |
Panelling in framed fields, intended to cover a structural wall or partition. A longitudinal timber lying on the top of a wall to carry the rafters. An upright timber in a wall designed to carry a roof or Door.. |
WALL- |
An upright timber in a wall designed to carry a roof or floor |
WELL- |
A staircase of several flights arranged around an open space or well. |
WINDBRACE |
A diagonal brace between purlin and truss designed to resist distortion and also to support the purlin. |
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